Phase Options

Phase.options

General options available to all dymos Phases.

Option	Default	Acceptable Values	Acceptable Types	Description
assembled_jac_type	csc	['csc', 'dense']	N/A	Linear solver(s) in this group or implicit component, if using an assembled jacobian, will use this type.
auto_order	False	[True, False]	['bool']	If True the order of subsystems is determined automatically based on the dependency graph. It will not break or reorder cycles.
auto_solvers	True	[True, False]	['bool']	If True, attempt to automatically assign solvers if necessary.
ode_class	N/A	N/A	N/A	System defining the ODE
ode_init_kwargs	{}	N/A	['dict']	Keyword arguments provided when initializing the ODE System
transcription	**Required**	N/A	['TranscriptionBase']	Transcription technique of the optimal control problem.

The transcription is an instance of one of the transcriptions available in Dymos.

Other options listed below control the behavior of various aspects of Phases. While most have corresponding phase methods for setting these values, users may now use the set method of OpenMDAO’s OptionsDictionary to set the values of these options.

Phase.timeseries_options

These options control the behavior of timeseries within a Phase.

Option	Default	Acceptable Values	Acceptable Types	Description
include_control_rates	False	[True, False]	['bool']	If True, include control rates in the timeseries outputs by default.
include_parameters	False	[True, False]	['bool']	If True, include the parameters in the timeseries outputs by default.
include_state_rates	False	[True, False]	['bool']	If True, include state rates in the timeseries outputs by default.
include_t_phase	False	[True, False]	['bool']	If True, include the elapsed phase time in the timeseries outputs by default.
use_prefix	False	[True, False]	['bool']	If True, prefix the timeseries variable output with the type of variable (this is legacy behavior that changed in Dymos 1.8.0)

Phase.refine_options

These options control grid refinement within each Phase.

Option	Default	Acceptable Values	Acceptable Types	Description
max_order	14	N/A	['int']	Maximum transcription order for segments in this phase.
min_order	3	N/A	['int']	Minimum transcription order for segments in this phase.
refine	True	[True, False]	['bool']	If True, this Phase may be refined during the grid refinement procedure.
smoothness_factor	1.2	N/A	['float']	Maximum allowed ratio of state second derivatives across refinement iterations
tolerance	0.0001	N/A	['float']	Default tolerance for grid refinement in this phase.

Phase.simulate_options

These options control the behavior of phase explicit simulation.

Option	Default	Acceptable Values	Acceptable Types	Description
atol	1e-06	N/A	['float', 'array']	Absolute error tolerance for variable step integration.
first_step	N/A	N/A	['float']	Initial step size, or None if the algorithm should choose.
max_step	inf	N/A	['float']	Maximum allowable step size
method	DOP853	['RK23', 'RK45', 'DOP853', 'BDF', 'Radau', 'LSODA']	N/A	The method used by simulate to propagate the ODE.
rtol	0.001	N/A	['float', 'array']	Relative error tolerance for variable step integration.
times_per_seg	10	N/A	['int']	The default number of output times per segment for Phase.simulate.If None, and not provided as an argument to simulate, use thesame grid as the Phase transcription.

Phase Methods

set_time_options

Phase.set_time_options(units=unspecified, fix_initial=unspecified, fix_duration=unspecified, input_initial=unspecified, input_duration=unspecified, initial_val=unspecified, initial_bounds=unspecified, initial_scaler=unspecified, initial_adder=unspecified, initial_ref0=unspecified, initial_ref=unspecified, duration_val=unspecified, duration_bounds=unspecified, duration_scaler=unspecified, duration_adder=unspecified, duration_ref0=unspecified, duration_ref=unspecified, targets=unspecified, time_phase_targets=unspecified, t_initial_targets=unspecified, t_duration_targets=unspecified, name=unspecified)

Sets options for time in the phase.

Only those options which are specified in the arguments will be updated.

Parameters:

unitsstr

The default units for time variables in the phase. Default is ‘s’.

fix_initialbool

If True, the initial time of the phase is not treated as a design variable for the optimization problem.

fix_durationbool

If True, the duration of the phase is not treated as a design variable for the optimization problem.

input_initialbool

If True, the user is expected to link phase.t_initial to an external output source. Providing input_initial=True makes all initial time optimization settings irrelevant.

input_durationbool

If True, the user is expected to link phase.t_duration to an external output source. Providing input_duration=True makes all time duration optimization settings irrelevant.

initial_valfloat

Default value of the time at the start of the phase.

initial_boundsiterable of (float, float)

The bounds (lower, upper) for time at the start of the phase.

initial_scalerfloat

Scalar for the initial value of time.

initial_adderfloat

Adder for the initial value of time.

initial_ref0float

Zero-reference for the initial value of time.

initial_reffloat

Unit-reference for the initial value of time.

duration_valfloat

Default value for the time duration of the phase.

duration_boundsiterable of (float, float)

The bounds (lower, upper) for the time duration of the phase.

duration_scalerfloat

Scaler for phase time duration.

duration_adderfloat

Adder for phase time duration.

duration_ref0float

Zero-reference for phase time duration.

duration_reffloat

Unit-reference for phase time duration.

targetsiterable of str

Targets in the ODE for the value of current time.

time_phase_targetsiterable of str

Targets in the ODE for the value of current phase elapsed time.

t_initial_targetsiterable of str

Targets in the ODE for the value of phase initial time.

t_duration_targetsiterable of str

Targets in the ODE for the value of phase time duration.

namestr

Name of the integration variable for this phase. Default is ‘time’.

add_state

Phase.add_state(name, units=unspecified, shape=unspecified, rate_source=unspecified, targets=unspecified, val=unspecified, fix_initial=unspecified, fix_final=unspecified, lower=unspecified, upper=unspecified, scaler=unspecified, adder=unspecified, ref0=unspecified, ref=unspecified, defect_scaler=unspecified, defect_ref=unspecified, continuity_scaler=unspecified, continuity_ref=unspecified, solve_segments=unspecified, connected_initial=unspecified, source=unspecified, input_initial=unspecified, initial_targets=unspecified, opt=unspecified, initial_bounds=unspecified, final_bounds=unspecified)

Add a state variable to be integrated by the phase.

Parameters:

namestr

Name of the state variable in the RHS.

unitsstr or None

Units in which the state variable is defined. Internally components may use different units for the state variable, but the IndepVarComp which provides its value will provide it in these units, and collocation defects will use these units. If units is not specified here then the unit will be determined from the rate_source.

shapetuple of int

The shape of the state variable. For instance, a 3D cartesian position vector would have a shape of (3,). This only needs to be specified if the rate_source target points to a control or state whose shape isn’t known in time.

rate_sourcestr

The path to the ODE output which provides the rate of this state variable.

targetsstr or Sequence of str

The path to the targets of the state variable in the ODE system. If given this will override the value given by the @declare_state decorator on the ODE. In the future, if left _unspecified (the default), the phase variable will try to connect to an ODE input of the same name. Set targets to None to prevent this.

valndarray

The default value of the state at the state discretization nodes of the phase.

fix_initialbool(False)

If True, omit the first value of the state from the design variables (prevent the optimizer from changing it).

fix_finalbool(False)

If True, omit the final value of the state from the design variables (prevent the optimizer from changing it).

lowerfloat or ndarray or None (None)

The lower bound of the state at the nodes of the phase.

upperfloat or ndarray or None (None)

The upper bound of the state at the nodes of the phase.

scalerfloat or ndarray or None (None)

The scaler of the state value at the nodes of the phase.

adderfloat or ndarray or None (None)

The adder of the state value at the nodes of the phase.

ref0float or ndarray or None (None)

The zero-reference value of the state at the nodes of the phase.

reffloat or ndarray or None (None)

The unit-reference value of the state at the nodes of the phase.

defect_scalerfloat or ndarray

The scaler of the state defect at the collocation nodes of the phase.

defect_reffloat or ndarray

The unit-reference value of the state defect at the collocation nodes of the phase. If provided, this value overrides defect_scaler.

continuity_scalerfloat

Constraint scaler used to enforce the continuity mismatch defect between segments when transcription is not compressed.

continuity_reffloat

Reference unit value of the continuity mismatch defect between segments when transcription is not compressed. Used in place of scaler.

solve_segmentsbool(False)

If True, a solver will be used to converge the collocation defects within a segment. Note that the state continuity defects between segements will still be handled by the optimizer.

connected_initialbool

If True, then the initial value for this state comes from an externally connected source. Deprecated - use input_initial.

sourcestr

The path to the ODE output which provides the solution for this state variable when using an Analytic transcription.

input_initialbool

If True, then the initial value for this state comes is an input.

initial_targetsstr

The path to the ODE inputs to which the initial value of this state should be connected.

optbool

If True, state values are fixed at the input values and the optimizer resolves defect constraints by varying the other design variables in the phase.

initial_boundstuple

The bounds (lower, upper) of the state variable at the initial point in the phase.

final_boundstuple

The bounds (lower, upper) of the state variable at the final point in the phase.

set_state_options

Phase.set_state_options(name, units=unspecified, shape=unspecified, rate_source=unspecified, targets=unspecified, val=unspecified, fix_initial=unspecified, fix_final=unspecified, lower=unspecified, upper=unspecified, scaler=unspecified, adder=unspecified, ref0=unspecified, ref=unspecified, defect_scaler=unspecified, defect_ref=unspecified, continuity_scaler=unspecified, continuity_ref=unspecified, solve_segments=unspecified, connected_initial=unspecified, source=unspecified, input_initial=unspecified, initial_targets=unspecified, opt=unspecified, initial_bounds=unspecified, final_bounds=unspecified)

Set options that apply the EOM state variable of the given name.

Parameters:

namestr

Name of the state variable in the RHS.

unitsstr or None

Units in which the state variable is defined. Internally components may use different units for the state variable, but the IndepVarComp which provides its value will provide it in these units, and collocation defects will use these units. If units is not specified here then the unit will be determined from the rate_source.

shapetuple of int

The shape of the state variable. For instance, a 3D cartesian position vector would have a shape of (3,). This only needs to be specified if the rate_source target points to a control or state whose shape isn’t known in time.

rate_sourcestr

The path to the ODE output which provides the rate of this state variable.

targetsstr or Sequence of str

The path to the targets of the state variable in the ODE system. If given this will override the value given by the @declare_state decorator on the ODE. In the future, if left _unspecified (the default), the phase variable will try to connect to an ODE input of the same name. Set targets to None to prevent this.

valndarray

The default value of the state at the state discretization nodes of the phase.

fix_initialbool(False)

If True, omit the first value of the state from the design variables (prevent the optimizer from changing it).

fix_finalbool(False)

If True, omit the final value of the state from the design variables (prevent the optimizer from changing it).

lowerfloat or ndarray or None (None)

The lower bound of the state at the nodes of the phase.

upperfloat or ndarray or None (None)

The upper bound of the state at the nodes of the phase.

scalerfloat or ndarray or None (None)

The scaler of the state value at the nodes of the phase.

adderfloat or ndarray or None (None)

The adder of the state value at the nodes of the phase.

ref0float or ndarray or None (None)

The zero-reference value of the state at the nodes of the phase.

reffloat or ndarray or None (None)

The unit-reference value of the state at the nodes of the phase.

defect_scalerfloat or ndarray

The scaler of the state defect at the collocation nodes of the phase.

defect_reffloat or ndarray

The unit-reference value of the state defect at the collocation nodes of the phase. If provided, this value overrides defect_scaler.

continuity_scalerfloat

Constraint scaler used to enforce the continuity mismatch defect between segments when transcription is not compressed.

continuity_reffloat

Reference unit value of the continuity mismatch defect between segments when transcription is not compressed. Used in place of scaler.

solve_segmentsbool(False)

If True, a solver will be used to converge the collocation defects within a segment. Note that the state continuity defects between segements will still be handled by the optimizer.

connected_initialbool

If True, then the initial value for this state comes from an externally connected source. Deprecated - use input_initial.

sourcestr

The path to the ODE output which provides the solution for this state variable when using an Analytic transcription.

input_initialbool

If True, then the initial value for this state comes is an input.

initial_targetsstr or Sequence of str

The path to the ODE inputs to which the initial value of this state should be connected.

optbool

If True, state values are fixed at the input values and the optimizer resolves defect constraints by varying the other design variables in the phase.

initial_boundstuple

The bounds (lower, upper) of the state variable at the initial point in the phase.

final_boundstuple

The bounds (lower, upper) of the state variable at the final point in the phase.

add_control

Phase.add_control(name, units=unspecified, desc=unspecified, opt=unspecified, fix_initial=unspecified, fix_final=unspecified, targets=unspecified, rate_targets=unspecified, rate2_targets=unspecified, val=unspecified, shape=unspecified, lower=unspecified, upper=unspecified, scaler=unspecified, adder=unspecified, ref0=unspecified, ref=unspecified, continuity=unspecified, continuity_scaler=unspecified, continuity_ref=unspecified, rate_continuity=unspecified, rate_continuity_scaler=unspecified, rate_continuity_ref=unspecified, rate2_continuity=unspecified, rate2_continuity_scaler=unspecified, rate2_continuity_ref=unspecified)

Adds a dynamic control variable to be tied to a parameter in the ODE.

Parameters:

namestr

The name assigned to the control variable. If the ODE has been decorated with parameters, this should be the name of a control in the system.

unitsstr or None

The units with which the control parameter in this phase will be defined. It must be compatible with the units of the targets to which the control is connected.

descstr

A description of the control variable.

optbool

If True, the control value will be a design variable for the optimization problem. If False, allow the control to be connected externally.

fix_initialbool

If True, the initial value of this control is fixed and not a design variable. This option is invalid if opt=False.

fix_finalbool

If True, the final value of this control is fixed and not a design variable. This option is invalid if opt=False.

targetsSequence of str or None

Targets in the ODE to which this control is connected. In the future, if left _unspecified (the default), the phase control will try to connect to an ODE input of the same name. Set targets to None to prevent this.

rate_targetsSequence of str or None

The targets in the ODE to which the control rate is connected.

rate2_targetsSequence of str or None

The parameter in the ODE to which the control 2nd derivative is connected.

valfloat

The default value of the control variable at the control input nodes.

shapeSequence of int

The shape of the control variable at each point in time. Only needed for controls that don’t have a target in the ode.

lowerSequence of Number or None

The lower bound of the control variable at the nodes. This option is invalid if opt=False.

upperSequence or Number or None

The upper bound of the control variable at the nodes. This option is invalid if opt=False.

scalerfloat or None

The scaler of the control variable at the nodes. This option is invalid if opt=False.

adderfloat or None

The adder of the control variable at the nodes. This option is invalid if opt=False.

ref0float or None

The zero-reference value of the control variable at the nodes. This option is invalid if opt=False.

reffloat or None

The unit-reference value of the control variable at the nodes. This option is invalid if opt=False.

continuitybool

Enforce continuity of control values at segment boundaries. This option is invalid if opt=False.

continuity_scalerbool

Scaler of the continuity constraint. This option is invalid if opt=False. This option is only relevant in the Radau pseudospectral transcription where the continuity constraint is nonlinear. For Gauss-Lobatto the continuity constraint is linear.

continuity_refbool

Reference unit value to be used in place of continuity scaler.

rate_continuitybool

Enforce continuity of control first derivatives (in dimensionless time) at segment boundaries. This option is invalid if opt=False.

rate_continuity_scalerfloat

Scaler of the rate continuity constraint at segment boundaries. This option is invalid if opt=False.

rate_continuity_reffloat or None

Reference unit value of the rate continuity constraint at segment boundaries, for use in place of rate_continuity_scaler.

rate2_continuitybool or None

Enforce continuity of control second derivatives at segment boundaries. This option is invalid if opt=False.

rate2_continuity_scalerfloat or None

Scaler of the dimensionless rate continuity constraint at segment boundaries. This option is invalid if opt=False.

rate2_continuity_reffloat or None

Reference unit value of the rate2 continuity constraint at segment boundaries, for use in place of rate_continuity_scaler.

Notes

rate and rate2 continuity are not enforced for input controls.

set_control_options

Phase.set_control_options(name, units=unspecified, desc=unspecified, opt=unspecified, fix_initial=unspecified, fix_final=unspecified, targets=unspecified, rate_targets=unspecified, rate2_targets=unspecified, val=unspecified, shape=unspecified, lower=unspecified, upper=unspecified, scaler=unspecified, adder=unspecified, ref0=unspecified, ref=unspecified, continuity=unspecified, continuity_scaler=unspecified, continuity_ref=unspecified, rate_continuity=unspecified, rate_continuity_scaler=unspecified, rate_continuity_ref=unspecified, rate2_continuity=unspecified, rate2_continuity_scaler=unspecified, rate2_continuity_ref=unspecified)

Set options on an existing dynamic control variable in the phase.

Parameters:

namestr

The name assigned to the control variable. If the ODE has been decorated with parameters, this should be the name of a control in the system.

unitsstr or None

The units with which the control parameter in this phase will be defined. It must be compatible with the units of the targets to which the control is connected.

descstr

A description of the control variable.

optbool

If True, the control value will be a design variable for the optimization problem. If False, allow the control to be connected externally.

fix_initialbool

If True, the initial value of this control is fixed and not a design variable. This option is invalid if opt=False.

fix_finalbool

If True, the final value of this control is fixed and not a design variable. This option is invalid if opt=False.

targetsSequence of str or None

Targets in the ODE to which this control is connected. In the future, if left _unspecified (the default), the phase control will try to connect to an ODE input of the same name. Set targets to None to prevent this.

rate_targetsSequence of str or None

The targets in the ODE to which the control rate is connected.

rate2_targetsSequence of str or None

The parameter in the ODE to which the control 2nd derivative is connected.

valfloat

The default value of the control variable at the control input nodes.

shapeSequence of int

The shape of the control variable at each point in time. Only needed for controls that don’t have a target in the ode.

lowerSequence of Number or None

The lower bound of the control variable at the nodes. This option is invalid if opt=False.

upperSequence or Number or None

The upper bound of the control variable at the nodes. This option is invalid if opt=False.

scalerfloat or None

The scaler of the control variable at the nodes. This option is invalid if opt=False.

adderfloat or None

The adder of the control variable at the nodes. This option is invalid if opt=False.

ref0float or None

The zero-reference value of the control variable at the nodes. This option is invalid if opt=False.

reffloat or None

The unit-reference value of the control variable at the nodes. This option is invalid if opt=False.

continuitybool

Enforce continuity of control values at segment boundaries. This option is invalid if opt=False.

continuity_scalerbool

Scaler of the continuity constraint. This option is invalid if opt=False. This option is only relevant in the Radau pseudospectral transcription where the continuity constraint is nonlinear. For Gauss-Lobatto the continuity constraint is linear.

continuity_refbool

Reference unit value to be used in place of continuity scaler.

rate_continuitybool

Enforce continuity of control first derivatives (in dimensionless time) at segment boundaries. This option is invalid if opt=False.

rate_continuity_scalerfloat

Scaler of the rate continuity constraint at segment boundaries. This option is invalid if opt=False.

rate_continuity_reffloat or None

Reference unit value of the rate continuity constraint at segment boundaries, for use in place of rate_continuity_scaler.

rate2_continuitybool or None

Enforce continuity of control second derivatives at segment boundaries. This option is invalid if opt=False.

rate2_continuity_scalerfloat or None

Scaler of the dimensionless rate continuity constraint at segment boundaries. This option is invalid if opt=False.

rate2_continuity_reffloat or None

Reference unit value of the rate2 continuity constraint at segment boundaries, for use in place of rate_continuity_scaler.

Notes

rate and rate2 continuity are not enforced for input controls.

add_polynomial_control

Phase.add_polynomial_control(name, order, desc=unspecified, val=unspecified, units=unspecified, opt=unspecified, fix_initial=unspecified, fix_final=unspecified, lower=unspecified, upper=unspecified, scaler=unspecified, adder=unspecified, ref0=unspecified, ref=unspecified, targets=unspecified, rate_targets=unspecified, rate2_targets=unspecified, shape=unspecified)

Adds a polynomial control variable to be tied to a parameter in the ODE.

Polynomial controls are defined by values at the Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto nodes of a single polynomial, defined on [-1, 1] in phase tau space.

For a polynomial control of a given order, the number of nodes used to define the polynomial is (order + 1).

Parameters:

namestr

Name of the controllable parameter in the ODE.

orderint

The order of the interpolating polynomial used to represent the control value in phase tau space.

descstr

A description of the polynomial control.

valfloat or ndarray

Default value of the control at all nodes. If val scalar and the control is dynamic it will be broadcast.

unitsstr or None or 0

Units in which the control variable is defined. If 0, use the units declared for the parameter in the ODE.

optbool

If True (default) the value(s) of this control will be design variables in the optimization problem, in the path ‘phase_name.indep_controls.controls:control_name’. If False, the values of this control will exist as input controls:{name}.

fix_initialbool

If True, the given initial value of the polynomial control is not a design variable and will not be changed during the optimization.

fix_finalbool

If True, the given final value of the polynomial control is not a design variable and will not be changed during the optimization.

lowerfloat or ndarray

The lower bound of the control at the nodes of the phase.

upperfloat or ndarray

The upper bound of the control at the nodes of the phase.

scalerfloat or ndarray

The scaler of the control value at the nodes of the phase.

adderfloat or ndarray

The adder of the control value at the nodes of the phase.

ref0float or ndarray

The zero-reference value of the control at the nodes of the phase.

reffloat or ndarray

The unit-reference value of the control at the nodes of the phase.

targetsSequence of str or None

Targets in the ODE to which this polynomial control is connected.

rate_targetsNone or str

The name of the parameter in the ODE to which the first time-derivative of the control value is connected.

rate2_targetsNone or str

The name of the parameter in the ODE to which the second time-derivative of the control value is connected.

shapeSequence of int

The shape of the control variable at each point in time.

set_polynomial_control_options

Phase.set_polynomial_control_options(name, order=unspecified, desc=unspecified, val=unspecified, units=unspecified, opt=unspecified, fix_initial=unspecified, fix_final=unspecified, lower=unspecified, upper=unspecified, scaler=unspecified, adder=unspecified, ref0=unspecified, ref=unspecified, targets=unspecified, rate_targets=unspecified, rate2_targets=unspecified, shape=unspecified)

Set options on an existing polynomial control variable in the phase.

Parameters:

namestr

Name of the controllable parameter in the ODE.

orderint

The order of the interpolating polynomial used to represent the control value in phase tau space.

descstr

A description of the polynomial control.

valfloat or ndarray

Default value of the control at all nodes. If val scalar and the control is dynamic it will be broadcast.

unitsstr or None or 0

Units in which the control variable is defined. If 0, use the units declared for the parameter in the ODE.

optbool

If True (default) the value(s) of this control will be design variables in the optimization problem, in the path ‘phase_name.indep_controls.controls:control_name’. If False, the values of this control will exist as input controls:{name}.

fix_initialbool

If True, the given initial value of the polynomial control is not a design variable and will not be changed during the optimization.

fix_finalbool

If True, the given final value of the polynomial control is not a design variable and will not be changed during the optimization.

lowerfloat or ndarray

The lower bound of the control at the nodes of the phase.

upperfloat or ndarray

The upper bound of the control at the nodes of the phase.

scalerfloat or ndarray

The scaler of the control value at the nodes of the phase.

adderfloat or ndarray

The adder of the control value at the nodes of the phase.

ref0float or ndarray

The zero-reference value of the control at the nodes of the phase.

reffloat or ndarray

The unit-reference value of the control at the nodes of the phase.

targetsSequence of str or None

Targets in the ODE to which this polynomial control is connected.

rate_targetsNone or str

The name of the parameter in the ODE to which the first time-derivative of the control value is connected.

rate2_targetsNone or str

The name of the parameter in the ODE to which the second time-derivative of the control value is connected.

shapeSequence of int

The shape of the control variable at each point in time.

add_parameter

Phase.add_parameter(name, val=unspecified, units=unspecified, opt=False, desc=unspecified, lower=unspecified, upper=unspecified, scaler=unspecified, adder=unspecified, ref0=unspecified, ref=unspecified, targets=unspecified, shape=unspecified, dynamic=unspecified, static_target=unspecified, include_timeseries=unspecified, static_targets=unspecified)

Add a parameter (static control variable) to the phase.

Parameters:

namestr

Name of the parameter.

valfloat or ndarray

Default value of the parameter at all nodes.

unitsstr or None or 0

Units in which the parameter is defined. If 0, use the units declared for the parameter in the ODE.

optbool

If True, the value(s) of this parameter will be design variables in the optimization problem, in the path ‘phase_name.indep_controls.controls:control_name’. If False (default), the this parameter will still be owned by an IndepVarComp in the phase, but it will not be a design variable in the optimization.

descstr

A description of the parameter.

lowerfloat or ndarray

The lower bound of the parameter value.

upperfloat or ndarray

The upper bound of the parameter value.

scalerfloat or ndarray

The scaler of the parameter value for the optimizer.

adderfloat or ndarray

The adder of the parameter value for the optimizer.

ref0float or ndarray

The zero-reference value of the parameter for the optimizer.

reffloat or ndarray

The unit-reference value of the parameter for the optimizer.

targetsSequence of str or None

Targets in the ODE to which this parameter is connected. In the future, if left _unspecified (the default), the phase parameter will try to connect to an ODE input of the same name. Set targets to None to prevent this.

shapeSequence of int

The shape of the parameter.

dynamicbool

True if the targets in the ODE may be dynamic (if the inputs are sized to the number of nodes) else False.

static_targetbool or _unspecified

True if the targets in the ODE are not shaped with num_nodes as the first dimension (meaning they cannot have a unique value at each node). Otherwise False.

include_timeseriesbool

True if the static parameters should be included in output timeseries, else False.

static_targetsbool or Sequence or _unspecified

True if ALL targets in the ODE are not shaped with num_nodes as the first dimension (meaning they cannot have a unique value at each node). If False, ALL targets are expected to be shaped with the first dimension as the number of nodes. If given as a Sequence, it provides those targets not shaped with num_nodes. If left _unspecified, static targets will be determined automatically.

set_parameter_options

Phase.set_parameter_options(name, val=unspecified, units=unspecified, opt=False, desc=unspecified, lower=unspecified, upper=unspecified, scaler=unspecified, adder=unspecified, ref0=unspecified, ref=unspecified, targets=unspecified, shape=unspecified, dynamic=unspecified, static_target=unspecified, include_timeseries=unspecified, static_targets=unspecified)

Set options for an existing parameter (static control variable) in the phase.

Parameters:

namestr

Name of the parameter.

valfloat or ndarray

Default value of the parameter at all nodes.

unitsstr or None or 0

Units in which the parameter is defined. If 0, use the units declared for the parameter in the ODE.

optbool

If True the value(s) of this parameter will be design variables in the optimization problem, in the path ‘phase_name.indep_controls.controls:control_name’. If False (default), the this parameter will still be owned by an IndepVarComp in the phase, but it will not be a design variable in the optimization.

descstr

A description of the parameter.

lowerfloat or ndarray

The lower bound of the parameter value.

upperfloat or ndarray

The upper bound of the parameter value.

scalerfloat or ndarray

The scaler of the parameter value for the optimizer.

adderfloat or ndarray

The adder of the parameter value for the optimizer.

ref0float or ndarray

The zero-reference value of the parameter for the optimizer.

reffloat or ndarray

The unit-reference value of the parameter for the optimizer.

targetsSequence of str or None

Targets in the ODE to which this parameter is connected. In the future, if left _unspecified (the default), the phase parameter will try to connect to an ODE input of the same name. Set targets to None to prevent this.

shapeSequence of int

The shape of the parameter.

dynamicbool

True if the targets in the ODE may be dynamic (if the inputs are sized to the number of nodes) else False. This option is deprecated.

static_targetbool or _unspecified

True if the targets in the ODE are not shaped with num_nodes as the first dimension (meaning they cannot have a unique value at each node). Otherwise False.

include_timeseriesbool

True if the static parameters should be included in output timeseries, else False.

static_targetsbool or Sequence or _unspecified

True if ALL targets in the ODE are not shaped with num_nodes as the first dimension (meaning they cannot have a unique value at each node). If False, ALL targets are expected to be shaped with the first dimension as the number of nodes. If given as a Sequence, it provides those targets not shaped with num_nodes. If left _unspecified, static targets will be determined automatically.

add_timeseries

Phase.add_timeseries(name, transcription, subset='all')

Adds a new timeseries output upon which outputs can be provided.

Parameters:

namestr

A name for the timeseries output path.

transcriptionstr

A transcription object which provides a grid upon which the outputs of the timeseries are provided.

subsetstr

The name of the node subset in the given transcription at which outputs are to be provided.

add_timeseries_output

Phase.add_timeseries_output(name, output_name=None, units=unspecified, shape=unspecified, timeseries='timeseries', **kwargs)

Add a variable to the timeseries outputs of the phase.

If name is given as an expression, this expression will be passed to an OpenMDAO ExecComp and the result computed and stored in the timeseries output under the variable name to the left of the equal sign.

Parameters:

namestr, or list of str

The name(s) of the variable to be used as a timeseries output, or a mathematical expression to be used as a timeseries output. If a name, it must be one of the integration variable, the phase-relative value of the integration variable (e.g. ‘time_phase’, one of the states, controls, control rates, or parameters, in the phase, the path to an output variable in the ODE, or a glob pattern matching some outputs in the ODE.

output_namestr or None or list or dict

The name of the variable as listed in the phase timeseries outputs. By default this is the last element in name when split by dots. The user may override the constraint name if splitting the path causes name collisions.

unitsstr or None or _unspecified

The units to express the timeseries output. If None, use the units associated with the target. If provided, must be compatible with the target units. If a list of names is provided, units can be a matching list or dictionary.

shapetuple or _unspecified

The shape of the timeseries output variable. This must be provided (if not scalar) since Dymos doesn’t necessarily know the shape of ODE outputs until setup time.

timeseriesstr or None

The name of the timeseries to which the output is being added.

**kwargs

Additional arguments passed to the exec comp.

add_boundary_constraint

Phase.add_boundary_constraint(name, loc, constraint_name=None, units=None, shape=None, indices=None, lower=None, upper=None, equals=None, scaler=None, adder=None, ref=None, ref0=None, linear=False, flat_indices=False)

Add a boundary constraint to a variable in the phase.

Parameters:

namestr

Name of the variable to constrain. May also provide an expression to be evaluated and constrained. If a single variable and the name is not a state, control, or ‘time’, then this is assumed to be the path of the variable to be constrained in the ODE. If an expression, it must be provided in the form of an equation with a left- and right-hand side.

locstr

The location of the boundary constraint (‘initial’ or ‘final’).

constraint_namestr or None

The name of the boundary constraint. By default, this is ‘var_constraint’ if name is a single variable,

or the left-hand side of the equation if name is an expression.

unitsstr or None

The units in which the boundary constraint is to be applied. If None, use the units associated with the constrained output. If provided, must be compatible with the variables units.

shapetuple, list, ndarray, or None

The shape of the variable being boundary-constrained. This can be inferred automatically for time, states, controls, and parameters, but is required if the constrained variable is an output of the ODE system.

indicestuple, list, ndarray, slice, or None

The indices of the output variable to be boundary constrained at either the initial or final time in the phase. When the variable is multi-dimensional, this should be a list of lists, one for each dimension, containing the indices to be constrained. Note the behavior of indices changes depending on the value of the flat_indices option.

lowerfloat or ndarray, optional

Lower boundary for the variable.

upperfloat or ndarray, optional

Upper boundary for the variable.

equalsfloat or ndarray, optional

Equality constraint value for the variable.

scalerfloat or ndarray, optional

Value to multiply the model value to get the scaled value. Scaler is second in precedence.

adderfloat or ndarray, optional

Value to add to the model value to get the scaled value. Adder is first in precedence.

reffloat or ndarray, optional

Value of response variable that scales to 1.0 in the driver.

ref0float or ndarray, optional

Value of response variable that scales to 0.0 in the driver.

linearbool

Set to True if constraint is linear. Setting this to True when the constraint is not a linear function of the design variables will result in a failure of the optimization.

flat_indicesbool

If True, treat indices as flattened C-ordered indices of elements to constrain. Otherwise, indices should be a tuple or list giving the elements to constrain at each point in time.

add_path_constraint

Phase.add_path_constraint(name, constraint_name=None, units=None, shape=None, indices=None, lower=None, upper=None, equals=None, scaler=None, adder=None, ref=None, ref0=None, linear=False, flat_indices=False)

Add a path constraint to a variable in the phase.

Parameters:

namestr

Name of the variable to constrain. May also provide an expression to be evaluated and constrained. If a single variable and the name is not a state, control, or ‘time’, then this is assumed to be the path of the variable to be constrained in the ODE. If an expression, it must be provided in the form of an equation with a left- and right-hand side.

constraint_namestr or None

The name of the path constraint. By default, this is ‘var_constraint’ if name is a single variable,

or the left-hand side of the equation if name is an expression.

unitsstr or None

The units in which the boundary constraint is to be applied. If None, use the units associated with the constrained output. If provided, must be compatible with the variables units.

shapetuple, list, ndarray, or None

The shape of the variable being boundary-constrained. This can be inferred automatically for time, states, controls, and parameters, but is required if the constrained variable is an output of the ODE system.

indicestuple, list, ndarray, or None

The indices of the output variable to be constrained at each point in time in the phase. When the variable is multi-dimensional, this should be a list of lists, one for each dimension, containing the indices to be constrained. Note the behavior of indices changes depending on the value of the flat_indices option.

lowerfloat or ndarray, optional

Lower boundary for the variable.

upperfloat or ndarray, optional

Upper boundary for the variable.

equalsfloat or ndarray, optional

Equality constraint value for the variable.

scalerfloat or ndarray, optional

Value to multiply the model value to get the scaled value. Scaler is second in precedence.

adderfloat or ndarray, optional

Value to add to the model value to get the scaled value. Adder is first in precedence.

reffloat or ndarray, optional

Value of response variable that scales to 1.0 in the driver.

ref0float or ndarray, optional

Value of response variable that scales to 0.0 in the driver.

linearbool

Set to True if constraint is linear. If set to True and the constrained output is not a linear function of the design variables, the optimization will fail.

flat_indicesbool

If True, treat indices as flattened C-ordered indices of elements to constrain at each given point in time. Otherwise, indices should be a tuple or list giving the elements to constrain at each point in time.

simulate

Phase.simulate(times_per_seg=None, method=unspecified, atol=unspecified, rtol=unspecified, first_step=unspecified, max_step=unspecified, record_file=None)

Simulate the Phase using scipy.integrate.solve_ivp.

Parameters:

times_per_segint or None

Number of equally spaced times per segment at which output is requested. If None, output will be provided at all Nodes.

methodstr

The scipy.integrate.solve_ivp integration method.

atolfloat

Absolute convergence tolerance for scipy.integrate.solve_ivp.

rtolfloat

Relative convergence tolerance for scipy.integrate.solve_ivp.

first_stepfloat

Initial step size for the integration.

max_stepfloat

Maximum step size for the integration.

record_filestr or None

If a string, the file to which the result of the simulation will be saved. If None, no record of the simulation will be saved.

Returns:

problem

An OpenMDAO Problem in which the simulation is implemented. This Problem interface can be interrogated to obtain timeseries outputs in the same manner as other Phases to obtain results at the requested times.

set_refine_options

Phase.set_refine_options(refine=unspecified, tol=unspecified, min_order=unspecified, max_order=unspecified, smoothness_factor=unspecified)

Set the specified option(s) for grid refinement in the phase.

Parameters:

refinebool

If True, this Phase will undergo refinement during the grid refinement procedure.

tolfloat

The error tolerance used by all grid-refinement algorithms.

min_orderint

The minimum allowable transcription order for segments in the phase. Used in hp and ph refinement methods.

max_orderint

The maximum allowable transcription order for segments in the phase. Used in hp and ph refinement methods.

smoothness_factorfloat

The maximum allowable ratio of state second derivatives. If exceeded the segment must be split. Used in hp refinement method.

interp

Phase.interp(name=None, ys=None, xs=None, nodes=None, kind='linear', axis=0)

Interpolate values onto the given subset of nodes in the phase.

If specified, name will be used to determine the kind of variable being interpolated.

Parameters:

namestr or None

If nodes is None, then use the name argument to determine which kind of variable is being interpolated. If it is a state, assume nodes is ‘state_input’. If it is related to a control, assume nodes is ‘control_input’. If it is a polynomial control, assume the nodes are the input nodes for that polynomial control. Any other type of variable will result in an error.

ysndarray or Sequence or None

Array of control/state/parameter values.

xsndarray or Sequence or None

Array of integration variable values.

nodesstr or None

The name of the node subset or None (default).

kindstr

Specifies the kind of interpolation, as per the scipy.interpolate package. One of (‘linear’, ‘nearest’, ‘zero’, ‘slinear’, ‘quadratic’, ‘cubic’ where ‘zero’, ‘slinear’, ‘quadratic’ and ‘cubic’ refer to a spline interpolation of zeroth, first, second or third order) or as an integer specifying the order of the spline interpolator to use. Default is ‘linear’.

axisint

Specifies the axis along which interpolation should be performed. Default is the first axis (0).

Returns:

np.array

The values of y interpolated at nodes of the specified type.